Various related Published Papers and useful Links
OVERVIEW
Research
into complementary and alternative medicine: problems and potential
Richard l. Nahin, Stephen E. Straus
British Medical Journal BMJ 2001;322:161-164 (20th January 2001)
[CONCLUSION:
We envision that compelling data will facilitate meaningful interactions between
conventional and complementary practitioners and ultimately lead to the
development of interdisciplinary partnerships that incorporate validated
complementary practices into patient care]
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/322/7279/161
The
role of complementary and alternative medicine
E. Ernst
British Medical Journal BMJ 2000; 321:1133-1135 (4th November 2000)
[CONCLUSION:
Patients and healthcare providers need to know which forms are safe and
effective. Its future should (and
hopefully will) be determined by unbiased scientific evaluation]
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/321/7269/1133
OSTEOPATHY
AND CHIROPRACTIC
The
manipulative therapies: osteopathy and chiropractic
Andrew Vickers, Catherine Zollman
British Medical Journal BMJ 1999;319:1176-1179 (30th October 1999)
[CLINICAL
REVIEW - no conclusion]
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/319/7218/1176
Does
spinal manipulation have specific treatment effects?
E. Ernst
Family Practice Vol.17,
No.6, 554-556 (2000)
[CONCLUSION:
The results available to date suggest that the therapeutic success of
spinal manipulation is largely due to a placebo effect]
http://fampract.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/17/6/554
Chiropractic
- Origins, Controversies and Contributions
Ted J. Kaptchuk, OMD; David M.
Eisenberg, MD
Archives of Internal Medicine Vol.158 No.20 158:2215-2224 (9th November 1998)
[CONCLUSION:
While the core belief that the correction of spinal abnormality is a
critical health care intervention is open to debate, chiropractic's most
important contribution may have to do with the
patient-physician
relationship]
http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/158/20/2215
HEADACHES
AND MIGRAINE
The
effectiveness of spinal manipulation for the treatment of headache disorders: a
systematic review of randomized clinical trials
J. A. Astin, E. Ernst
Cephalalgia, Volume 22 Issue 8 Page 617 (October 2002)
[CONCLUSION:
Despite claims that spinal manipulation is an effective treatment for
headache, the data available to date do not support such definitive conclusions]
Efficacy
of spinal manipulation for chronic headache: A systematic review
Gert Brontfort, DC, PhD, Willem J. J.
Assendelft, MD, PhD, Roni Evans, DC, Mitchell Haas, DC, Lex Bouter, PhD.
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, JMPT Vol. 24
No.7 (September 2001)
[CONCLUSION:
Spinal manipulative therapy appears to have a better effect than massage
for cervicogenic headache. Before
any firm conclusions can be drawn, further testing should be done in rigorously
designed, executed and analyzed
trials with follow-up periods of sufficient length]
http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?retrieve=/pii/S0161475401994230&
A
randomized controlled trial of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy for
migraine
Peter J. Tuchin, GradDipChiro, DipOHS,
Henry Pollard, GradDipChiro, GradDipAppSc, Rod Bonello, DC, DO
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, JMPT Vol.23 No.2
(February 2000)
[CONCLUSION:
It appears that chiropractic care has an effect on the physical
conditions related to stress and that in these people the effects of the
migraine are reduced]
http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?retrieve=/pii/S0161475400343822&
***JAMA Publishes Chiropractic Study on Episodic
Tension-Type Headache
(See
study below)
Response from The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research
FCER (11th November 1998)
[CONCLUSION:
This study achieves the distinction of stimulating further inquiry into
the entire realm of the etiology and classification of headache, as it
demonstrates a major difference in response mechanisms]
http://www.fcer.org/html/news/tension.htm
Spinal
manipulation in the treatment of episodic tension-type headache: a randomized
controlled trial
Bove, G., Nilsson N
Journal of the American Medical Association, JAMA 1998;280(18):1576-9
(11th November 1998)
[CONCLUSION:
As an isolated intervention, spinal manipulation does not seem to have a
positive effect on episodic tension-type headache]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=9820258&dopt=Citation
The
effect of spinal manipulation in the treatment of cervicogenic headache
Nilsson N., Christensen H. W.,
Hartvigsen J.
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics,
JMPT:20(5):326-30 (June 1997)
[CONCLUSION:
Spinal manipulation has a significant positive effect in cases of
cervicogenic headache]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=9200048&dopt=Citation
NECK
PAIN
Cost
effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and general practitioner care
for neck pain: economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial
Ingeborg B. C. Korthals-de Bos, Jan L.
Hoving, Maurits W. van Tulder, Maureen P. M. H. Rutten-van Molken, Herman J.
Ader, Henrica C. W. de Vet, Bart W. Koes, Hindrik Vondeling, Lex M. Bouter
British Medical Journal BMJ 2003;326:911 (26th April 2003)
[CONCLUSION:
Manual therapy (spinal mobilisation) is more effective and less costly
for treating neck pain than physiotherapy or care by a general practitioner]
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/326/7395/911
A
Randomized Trial of Chiropractic Manipulation and Mobilization for Patients With
Neck Pain: Clinical Outcomes From the UCLA Neck-Pain Study
Eric L. Hurwitz, DC, PhD, Hal
Morgenstern, PhD, Philip Harber, MD, MPH, Gerald F. Kominski, PhD, Fei Yu, PhD
and Alan H. Adams, DC, MS
American Journal of Public Health, AJPH Vol.92 No.10:1634-1641 (October
2002)
[CONCLUSION:
Cervical spine manipulation and mobilization yield comparable clinical
outcomes]
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/abstract/92/10/1634
***Bournemouth
Questionnaire for Neck Pain Patients Developed as Short-Form Comprehensive
Outcome Measure
The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research
FCER (17th May 2002)
[The
Neck BQ is the first neck-specific outcome measure that works under the
assumption that neck pain is a biopsychosocial illness, rather than a
"disease"]
http://www.fcer.org/html/News/JMPT0502.htm
Active
range of motion in the cervical spine increases after spinal manipulation
(toggle recoil)
Wayne Whittingham, DC PhD, Niels
Nilsson, DC, MD, PhD
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, JMPT Vol.24 No.9
(November/December 2001)
[CONCLUSION:
Spinal manipulation of the cervical spine increases active range of
motion]
http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?retrieve=/pii/S0161475401251343&
Chiropractic
Management of mechanical neck and low-back pain: A retrospective, outcome-based
analysis
Gordon McMorland, DC, Esther Suter, PhD
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, JMPT Vol.23 No.5
(June 2000)
[CONCLUSION:
Patients with mechanical neck pain or low back pain had statistically
significant reductions in their pain-related disability after treatment.
The study does not account for the natural history of low back or neck
pain-related disability and therefore does not allow for claims of treatment
efficacy]
http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?retrieve=/pii/S0161475400246381&
Intensive
Training, Physiotherapy, or Manipulation for Patients With Chronic Neck Pain
A Prospective, Single-Blinded,
Randomized Clinical Trial
Alan Jordan, DC, PhD; Tom Bendix, MD,
PhD; Henrik Nielsen, MD, PhD; Finn Rolsted Hansen, MD; Dorte Host, PT; Anette
Winkel, PT, BSc
Spine;23(3):311-318 (February 1998)
[CONCLUSION:
There was no clinical difference between the three treatments.
Further studies will be necessary to delineate ideal treatment
strategies]
http://ipsapp003.lwwonline.com/content/getfile/1140/25/5/abstract.htm
Conservative
management of mechanical neck pain: systematic overview and meta-analysis
Peter D. Aker, Anita R. Gross, Charles
H. Goldsmith, Paul Peloso
British Medical Journal, BMJ 1996;313:1291-1296 (23rd November 1996)
[CONCLUSION:
There is little information available from clinical trials to support
many of the treatments for mechanical neck pain.
In general, conservative interventions have not been studied in enough
detail to assess efficacy or effectiveness adequately]
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/313/7068/1291
Manipulation
and Mobilization of the Cervical Spine
A systematic Review of the Literature.
Eric L. Hurwitz, DC PhD; Peter D. Aker,
DC; Alan H. Adams, DC; William C. Meeker, DC, MPH; Paul G. Shekelle, MD, PhD
Spine;21(15):1746-1759 (August 1996)
[CONCLUSION:
Cervical spine manipulation and mobilization probably provide at least
short-term benefits for some patients with neck pain and headaches.
Although the complication rate of manipulation is small, the potential
for adverse outcomes must be considered because of the possibility of permanent
impairment or death]
http://ipsapp006.lwwonline.com/content/getfile/1140/86/7/abstract.htm
The
effectiveness of manual therapy, physiotherapy, and treatment by the general
practitioner for nonspecific back and neck complaints.
A randomized clinical trial
B. W. Koes, L. M. Bouter, H. van Mameren,
A. H. Essers, G. M. Verstegen, D. M. Hofhuizen, J. P. Houben, P G. Knipschild
Spine;18(1):169-70 (January 1993)
[CONCLUSION:
Both physiotherapy and manual therapy decreased the severity of
complaints more, although differences in their effectiveness could not be shown.
A substantial part of the effect of manual therapy and physiotherapy
appeared to be due to nonspecific (placebo) effects]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=1531552&dopt=Citation
LOW
BACK PAIN
Spinal
Manipulative Therapy for Low back Pain
A Meta-Analysis of Effectiveness
Relative to Other Therapies
Willem J.J. Assendelft, MD, PhD; Sally
C. Morton, PhD; Emily I. Yu, MPH; Marika J. Suttorp, MS; and Paul G. Shekelle,
MD, PhD
Annals of Internal Medicine 2003;138:871-881 (3rd June 2003)
[CONCLUSION:
No evidence that spinal manipulative therapy is superior to other standard
treatments for patients with acute or chronic low back pain]
http://www.annals.org/issues/v138n11/abs/200306030-00008.html
A
Randomized Trial of Medical Care With and Without Physical Therapy and
Chiropractic care With and Without Physical Modalities for Patients With Low
Back Pain: 6-month Follow-Up Outcomes From the UCLA Low Back Pain Study
Eric L. Hurwitz, DC, PhD, Hal
Morgenstern, PhD, Philip Harber, MD, MPH, Gerald F. Kominski, PhD, Thomas R.
Belin, PhD, Fei Yu, PhD, Alan H. Adams, DC, MS
Spine;27(20):2193-2204 (2002)
[CONCLUSION:
After 6 months of follow-up, chiropractic care and medical care for low
back pain were comparable in their effectiveness]
http://www.spinejournal.org/article.asp?ISSN=0362-2436&VOL=27&ISS=20&PAGE=2193
Reliability
of chiropractic methods commonly used to detect manipulable lesions in patients
with chronic low-back pain
Simon D. French, BAppSc(Chiro), MPH,
Sally Gren, BApp(Sc(Pysio), GradDip(ManipPhysio), Andrew Forbes, PhD
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics Vol.23 No.4 (May
2000)
[CONCLUSION:
Chiropractic diagnostic methods should not be seen by practitioners to provide
reliable information in patients with chronic mechanical low-back pain]
http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?retrieve=/pii/S0161475400649357&
A
Comparison of Osteopathic Spinal Manipulation with Standard Care for Patients
with Low Back Pain
Gunnar B.J. Andersson, M.D., Ph.D.,
Tracy Lucente, M.P.H., Andre M. Davis, M.D., M.P.H., Robert E. Kappler, D.O.,
James A. Lipton, D.O., and Sue Leurgans, Ph.D.
The New England Journal of Medicine,
Vol.314:1426-1431 (4th November 1999)
[CONCLUSION:
Osteopathic manual care and standard medical care have similar clinical
results in patients with subacute low back pain.
However, the use of medication is greater with standard care]
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/341/19/1426
***FCER
Director of Research Anthony Rosner, PhD, Addresses the New
England Journal of Medicine Study on Low Back Pain (See
study below)
The Foundation of Chiropractic Education and Research
FCER (14th October 1998)
[CONCLUSION:
The study is a poor representation of therapies as applied to the live
patient in the physician's office]
http://www.fcer.org/html/news/cherkin1.htm
A
Comparison of Physical Therapy, Chiropractic Manipulation, and Provision of an
Educational Booklet for the Treatment of Patients with Low Back Pain
Daniel C. Cherkin, PhD, Richard A. Deyo,
MD, MPH, Michele Battie, PhD, RPT, Janet Street, MN, CPNP, and William Barlow,
PhD
The New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 339:1021-1029 No.15 (8th
October 1998)
[CONCLUSION:
Physiotherapy and chiropractic manipulation had similar effects and costs, and
patients receiving these treatments had only marginally better outcomes than
those receiving an educational booklet]
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/339/15/1021
One-Year
Follow-up Comparison of the Cost and Effectiveness of Chiropractic and
Physiotherapy as Primary Management for Back Pain
Subgroup Analysis, Recurrence, and
Additional Health Care Utilization
Elisabeth I. Skargren, RPT, PhD; Per G.
Carlsson, PhD; Birgitta E. Oberg, RPT, DrMedSc
Spine:23:1875-1883 (September 1998)
[CONCLUSION:
Costs were similar, back problems often recurred, and additional health care was
common]
http://ipsapp003.lwwonline.com/content/getfile/1140/39/16/abstract.htm
Chiropractic
for low back pain
(Letters
in response to study below)
British Medical Journal BMJ 1999;318:261 (23rd January 1999)
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/318/7178/261/a.
Chiropractic
for low back pain
E. Ernst, W. J. J. Assendelft
British Medical Journal BMJ 1998;317:160-160 (18th July 1998)
[CONCLUSION:
On the basis of current evidence, it seems uncertain whether chiropractic
does more good than harm. More and
better research is required]
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/317/7152/160?ijkey=7wQYw2GEmLKyo
The
Outcomes and Costs of Care for Acute Low Back Pain among Patients Seen by
Primary Care Practitioners, Chiropractors, and Orthopedic Surgeons
Timothy S. Carey, M.D., M.P.H., Joanne
Garrett, Ph.D., Anne Jackman, M.S.W., Curtis McLaughlin, D.B.A., John Fryer,
Ph.D., Douglas R. Smucker, M.K., M.P.H., for the North Carolina Back Pain
Project
The New England Journal of Medicine
Vol.333 :913-917 No.14
(5th October 1995)
[CONCLUSION:
Among patients with acute low back pain, the outcomes are similar whether
they receive care from primary care practitioners, chiropractors, or orthopedic
surgeons. Primary care
practitioners provide the least expensive care for acute low back pain]
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/333/14/913
Randomised
comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management for low back pain:
results from extended follow up
T. W. Meade, Sandra Dyer, Wendy Browne,
A. O. Frank
British Medical Journal BMJ 1995; 311:349-351 (5th August 1995)
[CONCLUSION:
After three years results confirm the findings of an earlier report that
patients treated by chiropractic derive more benefit and long term satisfaction]
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/311/7001/349
Low
back pain of mechanical origin: randomised comparison of chiropractic and
hospital outpatient treatment
Meade TW, Dyer S, Browne W, Townsend J,
Frank AO
British Medical Journal BMJ 1990;300(6737):1431-7 (2nd June)
[CONCLUSION:
Chiropractic confers worthwhile, long term benefit in comparison with
hospital outpatient management. The
benefit it seen mainly in those with chronic or severe pain.
Introducing chiropractic into NHS practice should be considered] ABSTRACT ONLY AVAILABLE
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2143092&dopt=Abstract
ADVERSE
EVENTS
***Chiropractic
responses to literature regarding chiropractic and stroke
Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research (JVSR) - Abstract
chronological index:
http://www.jvsr.com/abstracts/ab_index_43.htm
***Chiropractic
and the Risk of Stroke
World Chiropractic Alliance Position Paper
[CONCLUSION:
Based on the scientific evidence readily available today, it is clear
that chiropractic adjustments pose no risk of strokes and are far safer in this
regard than most medical treatments. The
World Chiropractic Alliance calls upon the medical establishment to provide
factual data to the public and restrain from using scare tactics in a blatant
attempt to continue its long-standing history of opposition to chiropractic and
other disciplines which threaten its monopoly on the health care system]
http://www.worldchiropracticalliance.org/positions/stroke.htm
***Response
to Vertebral Artery Dissection Study: Synopsis Paper by Smith et al . Published in
May 13th, 2003 Issue of Neurology
(See
study below)
Anthony L. Rosner, PhD
The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research (18th May 2003)
[CONCLUSION:
Vertebral artery dissection is both cumulative and spontaneous and mainly
contributable to other factors]
http://www.fcer.org/html/News/neuroresp_detail.htm
***A
press release in response to the 13th May 2003 Neurology article is also
available on the General Chiropractic Council's website under Press Releases in
the GCC Documents section (See study below)
[CONCLUSION:
There is no evidence that neck manipulation causes stroke]
Spinal
manipulative therapy is an independent risk factor for vertebral artery
dissection
W. S. Smith, MD PhD, S. C. Johnston, MD
PhD, E. J. Skalabrin, MD, M. Weaver, MS, P. Azari, G. W. Albers, MD and D. R.
Gress, MD
Neurology 2003;60:1424-1428 (13th May 2003)
[CONCLUSION:
Spinal manipulative therapy is independently associated with vertebral
arterial dissection, even after controlling for neck pain]
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/short/60/9/1424
***VAD
Following Cervical Manipulation: D.C. vs M.D. Experiences Affect Perception of
Risk
The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research
(13th January 2003)
[CONCLUSION:
The selection or referral bias is important in shaping the clinical opinions of
the various disciplines and can distort discussion on the true incidence of
complications of cervical manipulation]
http://www.fcer.org/html/News/dcmdVAD.htm
Spinal
Manipulation: Its safety is uncertain
Edzard Ernst
Canadian Medical Association Journal, CMAJ; 166 (1) (8th January 2002)
[CONCLUSION:
Debatable whether the benefits of spinal manipulation outweigh its risks]
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/166/1/40
Unpredicatability
of Cerebrovascular Ischemia Associated With cervical Spine Manipulation Therapy
Scott Haldeman, MD,PhD, FRCP, Frank J.
Kohlbeck DC, Marion McGregor, DC, FCCS(C), MSc
Spine;27:49-55 (January 2002)
[CONCLUSION:
Cerebrovascular accidents after manipulation appear to be unpredictable and
should be considered an inherent, idiosyncratic, and rare complication of this
treatment approach]
http://ipsapp002.lwwonline.com/content/getfile/1140/148/12/fulltext.htm
***Response
to Rothwell Study in Stroke (See
study below)
Anthony L. Rosner, PhD
The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research
FCER (27th June 2001)
[CONCLUSION:
Until lifestyle risks are properly bundled into a study of proper design, the
public will continue to misunderstand the true etiology of vertebrobasilar
artery accidents]
http://www.fcer.org/html/News/Stroke.htm
Chiropractic
Manipulation and Stroke
Deanna M. Rothwell, Msc; Susan J. Bondy,
PhD; J. Ivan Williams, PhD
Stroke;32:1054 (2001)
[CONCLUSION:
While analysis is consistent with a positive association in young adults,
potential sources of bias are also discussed.
High quality research on risks and benefits is recommended]
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/5/1054?ijkey=3ekWz.pObjVjc
***Life-Threatening
Complications from Spinal Manipulation are rare (See
article below)
Joseph O. Di Duro, DC, DACNE
Stroke;32:2440-a (2001)
[CONCLUSION:
It would appear to be of more benefit to the public if articles
identified the genetic, environmental, and maladaptive factors, rather than
hyping the rare life-threatening complications of chiropractic care]
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/32/10/2440-a
Life-Threatening
Complications of Spinal Manipulation
E. Ernst, MD, PhD, FRCP(Edin)
Stroke;32:809 (2001)
[CONCLUSION:
The incidence of life-threatening complications is unknown and previous
estimates have all been based on assumptions which may or may not be true.
In matters of patients' safety more certainty is required through large,
prospective studies]
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/32/3/809?ijkey=B1cBViHFXxaTk
Diaphragmatic
Paralysis Following Cervical Chiropractic Manipulation
David J. Schram, MD; William Vosik, MD
and David Cantral, MD, FCCP
CHEST;119:639-640 (2001)
[CONCLUSION:
In all cases of idiopathic phrenic nerve paralysis, taking a careful
history about previous chiropractic manipulation is recommended]
http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/119/2/638
***New
Study Puts Stroke From Neck Adjustment at Less
than 1 in 5 Million Adjustments
(See
study below)
The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research
FCER (22nd October 2001)
[CONCLUSION:
Due to the rarity of incidence of stroke associated with neck adjustments
it is not possible for researchers to establish a meaningful rate of occurrence
despite the high number of cervical adjustments that are performed]
http://www.fcer.org/html/News/CCPA-stroke.htm
Arterial
dissections following cervical manipulation: the chiropractic experience
Scott Haldeman, Paul Carey, Murray
Townsend and Costa Papadopoulos
Canadian Medical Association Journal, CMAJ;165(7) (2nd October 2001)
[CONCLUSION:
(A Canadian review puts risk of arterial dissection at 1:5.85 million
manipulations - significantly less than the estimates of 1:500,000-1,000,000
calculated by neurologists.) The
real incidence of dissection following cervical manipulation and the feasibility
of screening patients can only be established by carrying out research in which
both chiropractors and neurologists participate.
Failure to do so will result in confusing and conflicting information
being given to patients and reduce the likelihood that these complications can
be avoided]
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/165/7/905?ijkey=lDRBvw1r8O9aQ
Update
from the Canadian Stroke Consortium
John W. Norris and Vadim Beletsky
Canadian Medical Association Journal, CMAJ;165(7)
(2nd October 2001)
[CONCLUSION:Collaboration
with our chiropractic colleagues is crucial to understanding and resolving the
association between sudden neck movement and stroke. Blanket denial or distortion of our data from various
quarters can only delay discovery of the necessary facts at the expense of the
well-being of patients]
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/165/7/887
Neurological
complications of cervical spine manipulation
C Stevinson, W Honan B Cooke and E.
Ernst
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Vol. 94, Issue 3 107-110
(2001)
[CONCLUSION:
Concern about the neurolgical complications following cervical spine
manipulation appears to be justified. A
large long-term prospective study is required to determine the scale of the
hazard]
http://www.jrsm.org/cgi/content/abstract/94/3/107?ijkey=TiZv1fhEJ.rSM
***Response
to Vertebral Artery Dissection Study: Canadian
Medical Association Journal
Anthony L. Rosner, PhD
(See study below)
The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research FCER
(10th April 2001)
[CONCLUSION:
Most if not all of the chiropractic incidents described probably
represent movements of the artery in a select and high-risk group of patients
which most likely would have occurred (or possibly did occur) during some
everyday activity. The challenge
for chiropractors and medical practitioners alike is to be able to identify such
high-risk patients in advance of their experiencing any number of lifestyle
activities, in which spinal manipulation plays only an extremely limited role]
http://www.fcer.org/html/News/cmajresponse.htm
Sudden
neck movement and cervical artery dissection
John W. Norris, Vadim Beletsky, Zurab G.
Nadareishvili and on behalf of the Canadian Stroke Consortium
Canadian Medical Association Journal, CMAJ;163(1) (11th July 2000)
[CONCLUSION:
There is no doubt that chiropractic neck manipulation can result in
dissection of the carotid or vertebral arteries leading to stroke.
Until a high-risk group can be identified, chiropractors should inform
all patients of possible serious complications before neck manipulation]
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/163/1/38?ijkey=q0Ovkn8TsgfR.
***Response
to Vertebral Artery Dissection Study: Canadian Journal of
Neurological Sciences
Anthonly L. Rosner, PhD.
(See study below)
The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research
FCER (22nd December 2000)
[CONCLUSION:
Until the failure limits of vertebral arteries following various motions and
activities are more directly measured, efforts to single out chiropractic
manipulation as a significant source of vertebral artery dissections and stroke
will most likely be conjectural at best, futile at worst]
http://www.fcer.org/html/News/canneur.htm
Vertebral
Artery Dissection: Warning Symptoms, Clinical Features and Prognosis in 26
Patients
Abdullah Bin Saeed, Ashfaq Shuaib,
Ghanem Al-Sulaiti and Derek Emery
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences;27:292-296 (2000)
[CONCLUSION: Vertebral artery dissection
is increasingly being diagnosed. It
mainly affects middle-aged persons and both sexes are equally affected.
Headache and/or neck pain are prominent features that may precede onset
of stroke by several days. Although
the majority of patients will have excellent prognosis, this was less likely in
patients presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage or bilateral vertebral artery
dissection. Recurrence rate was
low]
Risk
Factors and Precipitating Neck Movements Causing Vertebrobasilar Artery
Dissection After Cervical Trauma and Spinal Manipulation
Scott Haldeman, MD,PhD, FRCP(C); Frank
J. Kohlbeck, DC; Marion McGregor, DC; (C), MSc
Spine;24:785 (April 1999)
[CONCLUSION:
Given the current status of the literature, it is impossible to advise patients
or physicians about how to avoid vertebrobasilar artery dissection when
considering cervical manipulation or about specific sports or exercises that
result in neck movement or trauma]
http://ipsapp003.lwwonline.com/content/getfile/1140/4/10/abstract.htm
Dissection
of the internal carotid artery after chiropractic maniupulation of the neck
M Peters, J Bohl, F Thomke K J Kallen, K
Mahzahn, E Wandel and K H Meyer zum Buschenfelde
Neurology Vol.45, Issue 12 2284-2286 (1995)
[CONCLUSION:
We hypothesize that mediolytic arteriopathy was a predisposing factor for
the dissection of the internal carotid artery after chiropractic manipulations
in our patient]
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/12/2284?ijkey=onHjFPZk0NAEA
Neurologic
complications following chiropractic manipulation: a survey of California
neurologists
KP Lee, W G Carlini, GF McCormick and GW
Albers
Neurology Vol 45. Issue 6 1213-1215 (1995)
[CONCLUSION:
Patients, physicians and chiropractors should be aware of the risk of
neurologic complications associated with chiropractic manipulation]
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/6/1213?ijkey=QI55DumqYnDb2
SCREENING
Guidance
for pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine for vertebrobasilar
insufficiency
Barker, S. MCSP Kesson M MCSP Ashmore J
MCSP Turner G, MCSP,Conway J MCSP Stevens D MCSP
Physiotherapy 2001;87:318-22
Society of Orthopaedic Medicine article
(updated 14th April 2003)
[CONCLUSION:
A pre-manipulation test which is recognised by an appropriate teaching body
should be applied at each treatment session which is to include cervical
manipulation. Informed consent
should be gained before the testing procedure and manipulation are applied]
http://www.soc-ortho-med.org/vba.htm
CHIROPRACTIC
RESEARCH
The
Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research (FCER)
http://www.fcer.org/Default.asp
Research
at the Institute of Musculoskeletal Research and Clinical Implementation (IMRCI)
http://www.imrci.ac.uk/Research/research.html
AECC
Research Projects
http://www.aecc.ac.uk/Research/proj/proj.htm
Dept.
of Complementary Medicine, University of Exeter, UK
Complementary Medicine: The
Evidence So Far and Future Research Projects
http://www.ex.ac.uk/sshs/compmed/research/research.htm
UK
CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION
Anglo
European College of Chiropractic
McTimoney
College
http://www.mctimoney-chiropractic.org/
Surrey
University
Glamorgan
University
College
of Chiropractors
http://www.colchiro.org.uk/index.html
UK
CHIROPRACTIC REGULATORY BODY
General
Chiropractic Council
UK
CHIROPRACTIC ASSOCIATIONS
British
Chiropractic Association
http://www.chiropractic-uk.co.uk/
Scottish
Chiropractic Association
http://www.sca-chiropractic.org/index2.htm
McTimoney
Chiropractic Association
http://www.mctimoney-chiropractic.org/
MISCELLANEOUS
CHIROPRACTIC WEBSITES/ARTICLES
121
chiropractic articles
http://www.chiropracticresearch.org/Chiroinfo.htm
Subluxation
A
Scientific Test of Chiropractic's Subluxation Theory
http://www.chirobase.org/02Research/crelin.html
UK
Chiropractors elect new General Chiropractic Council members
http://www.thechiropracticchoice.com/TCC_June_2002/united_kingdom.htm
Example
of a UK vitalistic subluxation-oriented chiropractor
http://www.familychiropractic.co.uk/
Example
of a UK musculoskelatal medically-oriented chiropractor
http://www.glam.ac.uk/saps/staff/ByfieldDavid.php
Vaccination
World
Chiropractic Alliance: Vaccinations and Freedom of Choice in Health Care
http://www.worldchiropracticalliance.org/Positions/vaccines.htm
UK
Chiropractic Vaccination website
Chiropractors
Vaccination: A Historical Perspective
James B. Campbell, PhD, Jason, W. Busse,
DC, MSc, and H. Stephen Injeyan, DC
Pediatrics Vol.105 No.4
p.e43 (April 2000)
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/105/4/e43
Other
links
ChiroWatch
http://www.chirowatch.com/chiropractic-watch.html
Chirobase
'A Skeptical Guide to Chiropractic
History, Theories, and Current Practices'
Chirolinks
http://www.geocities.com/healthbase/chirolinks.html
Chiropractic
News Digest
http://www.chirobase.org/cgi-bin/mfs/25/home/sbchiro/public_html/18CND/03/index.html?11#mfs
MISCELLANEOUS
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
Osteopathy
Osteopathy
in the United Kingdom (including the General Osteopathic Council)
Cranialsacral
Therapy
Cranialsacral
Therapy Association of the UK
http://www.craniosacral.co.uk/
Interexaminer
Reliability and Cranial Osteopathy
Steve E. Hartman, PhD and James M.
Norton PhD, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England
The Scientific Reveiw of Alternative Medicine Vol.6. No.1 (Winter 2002)
[CONCLUSION:
The assessment of the health treatment regime labeled "cranial
osteopathy" or "cranialsacral therapy".
Previously published findings suggest that the proposed mechanism for
cranial osteopathy is invalid and that interexaminer (and, therefore,
diagnostic) reliability is approximately zero.
Since no properly randomized, blinded, and placebo-controlled outcome
studies have been published, (we conclude that) cranial osteopathy should be
removed from curricula of colleges of osteopathic medicine and from osteopathic
licensing examinations]
http://faculty.une.edu/com/shartman/sram.pdf
Intraexaminer
and interexaminer reliability for palpation of the cranial rhythmic impulse at
the head and sacrum
Robert W. Moran, Peter Gibbons, MB, BS,
DO, DM-SMed
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
JMPT Vol.24, No.3 (March/April 2001)
[CONCLUSION:
The results fail to support the construct validity of the
"core-link" hypothesis as it is traditionally held by proponents of
cranialsacral therapy and osteopathy in the cranial field (J. Manipulative
Physiol. Ther;24:183-90)]
http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?retrieve=/pii/S0161475401627118&
Homeopathy
British
Homeopathic Association
http://www.trusthomeopathy.org/trust/tru_over.html
British
Homeopathic Association FAQs
http://www.trusthomeopathy.org/trust/tru_faq.html
Faculty
of Homeopathy
http://www.trusthomeopathy.org/faculty/fac_over.html
The
Case for Homeopathy
http://www.trusthomeopathy.org/case/cas_over.html
A
systematic review of systematic reveiws of homeopathy
E. Ernst
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Vol.54, Issue 6, Page 577
(December 2002)
[CONCLUSION:
It is concluded that the best clinical evidence for homeopathy available
to date does not warrant positive recommendations for its use in clinical
practice]
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01699.x/abs/
Homeopathy
use in the NHS not justified
(News) British Medical
Journal BMJ 2002:324:565
(9th March 2002)
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/abridged/324/7337/565/a
Acupuncture
British
Acupuncture Council
http://www.acupuncture.org.uk/
Acupuncture
Andrew Vickers, Catherine Zollman
British Medical Journal BMJ
1999;319:973-976 (9th October 1999)
[CLINICAL
REVIEW]
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/319/7215/973
Other
links
The
British Complementary Medicine Association
Alternative
Medicine
'The Internet's larget database of
alternative medical information'
http://www.alternativemedicine.com/
HealthWatch
http://www.healthwatch-uk.org/
Quackwatch